Citations: The Art of Self-Healing
by Uwe Blesching, Ph.D.

Acetylcholine
1. Tripathi, H.L., Vocci, F.J., Brase, D.A., and Dewey, W.L. 1987. “Effects of cannabinoids on levels of acetylcholine and choline and on turnover rate of acetylcholine in various regions of the mouse brain.” Alcohol Drug Res. 7(5-6):525–32. Acquas, E., Pisanu, A., Marrocu, P., and Di Chiara, G. 2000 (Aug 4). “Cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists increase rat cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine release in vivo.” Eur. J. Pharmacol. 401(2):179–85.

Anandamide
1. Trezza, Viviana, and Vanderschuren, Louk J.M.J. 2009 (Jan). “Divergent effects of anandamide transporter inhibitors with different target selectivity on social play behavior in adolescent rats.” JPET 328(1):343–50.
2. Heyman, E., Gamelin, F.X., Goekint, M., Piscitelli, F., Roelands, B., Leclair, E., Di Marzo, V., and Meeusen, R. 2012 (Jun). “Intense exercise increases circulating endocannabinoid and BDNF levels in humans—possible implications for reward and depression.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 37(6):844–51.
3. Houser, S.J., Eads, M., Embrey, J.P., and Welch, S.P. 2000 (Feb 28). “Dynorphin B and spinal analgesia: induction of antinociception by the cannabinoids CP55,940, Delta(9)-THC and anandamide.” Brain Res. 857(1-2):337–42.
4. Joseph, J., Niggemann, B., Zaenker, K.S., and Entschladen, F. 2004 (Aug). “Anandamide is an endogenous inhibitor for the migration of tumor cells and T lymphocytes.” Cancer Immunol Immunother. 53(8):723–28.
5. Raichlen, D.A., Foster, A.D., Gerdeman, G.L., Seillier, A., and Giuffrida, A. 2012 (Apr 15). “Wired to run: Exercise-induced endocannabinoid signaling in humans and cursorial mammals with implications for the ‘runner’s high’.” J Exp Biol. 215(Pt 8):1331–36.
6. Pakdeechote, P., Dunn, W.R., and Ralevic, V. 2007. “Cannabinoids inhibit noradrenergic and purinergic sympathetic cotransmission in the rat isolated mesenteric arterial bed.” British Journal of Pharmacology 152:725–33.

Endogenous Opioids
1. Palkovits, M. 2000 (Oct 8). “The brain and the pain: neurotransmitters and neuronal pathways of pain perception and response.” Orv Hetil. 141(41):2231–39.
2. Houser, S.J., Eads, M., Embrey, J.P., and Welch, S.P. 2000 (Feb 28). “Dynorphin B and spinal analgesia: induction of antinociception by the cannabinoids CP55,940, Delta(9)-THC and anandamide.” Brain Res. 857(1-2):337–42.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
1. Streeter, C.C., Jensen, J.E., Perlmutter, R.M., Cabral, H.J., Tian, H., Terhune, D.B., Ciraulo, D.A., and Renshaw, P.F. 2007 (May). “Yoga asana sessions increase brain GABA levels: a pilot study.” J Altern Complement Med. 13(4):419–26.
2. Ehrlich, I., Humeau, Y., Grenier, F., Ciocchi, S., Herry, C., and Lüthi, A. 2009 (Jun 25). “Amygdala inhibitory circuits and the control of fear memory.” Neuron 62(6):757–71.
3. Lafen.tre, P.I., Chaouloff, F., and Marsicano, G. 2009 (Dec). “Bidirectional regulation of novelty-induced behavioral inhibition by the endocannabinoid system.” Neuropharmacology 57(7-8):715–21.
4. Streeter, C.C., et al. 2007. “Yoga asana sessions increase brain GABA levels” (see note 1).

Oxytocin
1. Light, K.C., Grewen, K.M., and Amico, J.A. 2005. “More frequent partner hugs and higher oxytocin levels are linked to lower blood pressure and heart rate in premenopausal women.” Biol Psychol 69:5–21.
2. Grewen, Karen M., PhD, Susan S. Girdler, PhD, Janet Amico, MD, and Kathleen C. Light, PhD. 2005 (Jul 1). “Effects of partner support on resting oxytocin, cortisol, norepinephrine, and blood pressure before and after warm partner contact.” Psychosomatic Medicine 67(4):531–38.
3. Magon, Navneet, and Kalra, Sanjay. 2011 (Sept). “The orgasmic history of oxytocin: Love, lust, and labor.” Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 15(Suppl3):S156–S161.
4. Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P.J., Fischbacher, U., and Fehr, E. 2005 (Jun 2). “Oxytocin increases trust in humans.” Nature 435(7042):673–76.
5. Zak, P.J., Stanton, A.A., and Ahmadi, S. 2007 (Nov 7). “Oxytocin increases generosity in humans.” PLoS One 2(11):e1128.
6. Brody, S. 2006. “Blood pressure reactivity to stress is better for people who recently had penile-vaginal intercourse than for people who had other or no sexual activity.” Biol Psychol. 71:214–22.
7. Kov.cs, G.L., Sarnyai, Z., and Szab., G. 1998 (Nov). “Oxytocin and addiction: A review.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 23(8):945–62.
8. Vitalo, A., Fricchione, J., Casali, M., Berdichevsky, Y., Hoge, E.A., Rauch, S.L., Berthiaume, F., Yarmush, M.L., Benson, H., Fricchione, G.L., and Levine, J.B. 2009. “Nest making and oxytocin comparably promote wound healing in isolation reared rats.” PLoS One 4(5):e5523.
9. Yang, J., Yang, Y., Chen, J.M., Liu, W.Y., Wang, C.H., and Lin, B.C. 2007 (May). “Central oxytocin enhances antinociception in the rat.” Peptides 28(5):1113–19.
10. Legros, J.J. 2001 (Oct). “Inhibitory effect of oxytocin on corticotrope function in humans: Are vasopressin and oxytocin ying-yang neurohormones?” Psychoneuroendocrinology 26(7):649–55. Ditzen, B., Hoppmann, C., and Klumb, P. 2008. “Positive couple interactions and daily cortisol: on the stress-protecting role of intimacy.” Psychosom Med. 70:883–89.
11. Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P.J., Fischbacher, U., and Fehr, E. 2005 (Jun 2). “Oxytocin increases trust in humans.” Nature 435(7042):673–76.
12. Gimpl, G., and Fahrenholz, F. 2001 (Apr). “The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation.” Physiol Rev. 81(2):629–83.
13. De Laurentiis, A., Fern.ndez-Solari, J., Mohn, C., Zorrilla Zubilete, M., and Rettori, V. 2010. “Endocannabinoid system participates in neuroendocrine control of homeostasis.” Neuroimmunomodulation 17(3):153–56.
14. De Laurentiis, A., Fern.ndez-Solari, J., Mohn, C., Burdet, B., Zorrilla Zubilete, M.A., and Rettori, V. 2010 (Apr 15). “The hypothalamic endocannabinoid system participates in the secretion of oxytocin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced by lipopolysaccharide.” J Neuroimmunol. 221(1-2):32–41.
15. Russo, R.I., D’Agostino, G., Mattace, Raso G., Avagliano, C., Cristiano, C., Meli, R., and Calignano, A. 2012 (Nov). “Central administration of oxytocin reduces hyperalgesia in mice: Implication for cannabinoid and opioid systems.” Peptides 38(1):81–88.

Serotonin
1. Williams, E., Stewart-Knox, B., Helander, A., McConville, C., Bradbury, I., and Rowland, I. 2006 (Feb). “Associations between whole-blood serotonin and subjective mood in healthy male volunteers.” Biol Psychol. 71(2):171–74. Peirson, A.R., and Heuchert, J.W. 2000 (Dec). “Correlations for serotonin levels and measures of mood in a nonclinical sample.” Psychol Rep. 87(3, Pt 1):707–16.
2. Perreau-Linck, E., Beauregard, M., Gravel, P., Paquette, V., Soucy, J.P., Diksic, M., and Benkelfat, C. 2007 (Nov). “In vivo measurements of brain trapping of C-labelled alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan during acute changes in mood states.” J Psychiatry Neurosci. 32(6):430–34.
3. Haj-Dahmane, S., and Shen, R.Y. 2011 (Sep). “Modulation of the serotonin system by endocannabinoid signaling.” Neuropharmacology 61(3):414–20.

Epinephrine
1. Mezzacappa, Elizabeth S., Katkin, E.S., and Palmer, S.N. 1999. “Epinephrine, arousal, and emotion: A new look at two-factor theory.” Cognition and Emotion 13(2):181–99.
2. Lutz, B. 2014 (Mar). “An institutional case study: Emotion regulation with HeartMath at Santa Cruz County Children’s Mental Health.” Glob Adv Health Med. 3(2):68–71.

Dopamine
1. Matsumoto, M., and Hikosaka, O. 2009 (Jun 11). “Two types of dopamine neuron distinctly convey positive and negative motivational signals.” Nature 459(7248):837–41.
2. Badgaiyan, Rajendra D. 2010 (Dec 29). “Dopamine is released in the striatum during human emotional processing.” Neuroreport 21(18):1172–76.
3. Freestone, P.S., Guatteo, E., Piscitelli, F., di Marzo, V., Lipski, J., and Mercuri, N.B. 2014 (Apr). “Glutamate spillover drives endocannabinoid production and inhibits GABAergic transmission in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta.” Neuropharmacology 79:467–75.
Castelli, M., Federici, M., Rossi, S., De Chiara, V., Napolitano, F., Studer, V., Motta, C., Sacchetti, L., Romano, R., Musella, A., Bernardi, G., Siracusano, A., Gu, H.H., Mercuri, N.B., Usiello, A., and Centonze, D. 2011 (Nov). “Loss of striatal cannabinoid CB1 receptor function in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder mice with point-mutation of the dopamine transporter.” Eur J Neurosci. 34(9):1369–77.
4. Castelli et al., ibid.
5. Salimpoor, V.N., Benovoy, M., Larcher, K., Dagher, A., and Zatorre, R.J. 2011 (Feb). “Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music.” Nat Neurosci. 14(2):257–62.
6. Kjaer, T.W., Bertelsen, C., Piccini, P., Brooks, D., Alving, J., and Lou, H.C. 2002 (Apr). “Increased dopamine tone during meditation-induced change of consciousness.” Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 13(2):255–59.

Norepinephrine
1. Fernandez-Solari, J., Prestifilippo, J.P., Vissio, P., Ehrhart-Bornstein, M., Bornstein, S.R., Rettori V., and Elverdin, J.C. 2009 (Jun). “Anandamide injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain inhibits submandibular salivary secretion by attenuating parasympathetic neurotransmission.” Braz J Med Biol Res. 42(6):537–44. Kurihara, J., Nishigaki, M., Suzuki, S., Okubo, Y., Takata, Y., Nakane, S., Sugiura, T., Waku, K., and Kato, H. 2001 (Sep). “2-Arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide oppositely modulate norepinephrine release from the rat heart sympathetic nerves.” Jpn J Pharmacol. 87(1):93–96.

Cortisol
1. Heyman, E., Gamelin, F.X., Goekint, M., Piscitelli, F., Roelands, B., Leclair, E., Di Marzo, V., and Meeusen, R. 2012 (Jun). “Intense exercise increases circulating endocannabinoid and BDNF levels in humans—possible implications for reward and depression.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 37(6):844–51.
2. Gruenewald, T.L., Kemeny, M.E., Aziz, N., and Fahey, J.L. 2004 (Nov-Dec). “Acute threat to the social self: Shame, social self-esteem, and cortisol activity.” Psychosom Med. 66(6):915–24.

Glutamate
1. Navarrete, M., D.ez, A., and Araque, A. 2014 (Oct 19). “Astrocytes in endocannabinoid signalling.” Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 369(1654).
2. Lafen.tre, P., Chaouloff, F., and Marsicano, G. 2009 (Dec). “Bidirectional regulation of novelty-induced behavioral inhibition by the endocannabinoid system.” Neuropharmacology 57(7-8):715–21.
3. Ramikie, T.S., Nyilas, R., Bluett, R.J., Gamble-George, J.C., Hartley, N.D., Mackie, K., Watanabe, M., Katona, I., and Patel, S. 2014 (Mar 5). “Multiple mechanistically distinct modes of endocannabinoid mobilization at central amygdala glutamatergic synapses.” Neuron 81(5):1111–25.

Vasopressin
1. Guastella, A.J., Kenyon, A.R., Alvares, G.A., Carson, D.S., and Hickie, I.B. 2010 (Jun 15). “Intranasal arginine vasopressin enhances the encoding of happy and angry faces in humans.” Biol Psychiatry 67(12):1220–22.
2. Moons, W.G., Way, B.M., and Taylor, S.E. 2014 (Jun). “Oxytocin and vasopressin receptor polymorphisms interact with circulating neuropeptides to predict human emotional reactions to stress.” Emotion 14(3):562–72.
3. Marshall, A.D. 2013 (May). “Posttraumatic stress disorder and partner-specific social cognition: A pilot study of sex differences in the impact of arginine vasopressin.” Biol Psychol. 93(2):296–303.
4. De Laurentiis, A., Fern.ndez-Solari, J., Mohn, C., Zorrilla Zubilete, M., and Rettori, V. 2010. “Endocannabinoid system participates in neuroendocrine control of homeostasis.” Neuroimmunomodulation 17(3):153–56.
5. Bachner-Melman, R., and Ebstein, R.P. 2014. “The role of oxytocin and vasopressin in emotional and social behaviors.” Handb Clin Neurol. 124:53–68.